OpenWrt的两种模式：桥接模式与路由模式
发布者：leekwenty
发布于：2019-02-18 13:09
版权声明：本文为LeeKwen的原创文章，请联系微信@leekwenty后转载。 https://blog.csdn.net/leekwen/article/details/9031551
1、桥接模式（Bridged AP Mode ）：
通过OpenWrt 设备做桥，连接到OpenWrt的无线设备是由此网段192.168.1.0网段中的路由来分配IP地址的，所以此网段中的所有设备都是互通互连的！
OpenWrt设备的桥接配置方式：
root@OpenWrt:~# cat /etc/config/network
config interface 'loopback'
option ifname 'lo'
option proto 'static'
option ipaddr '127.0.0.1'
option netmask '255.0.0.0'
config interface 'lan'
option ifname 'eth0'
option type 'bridge'
option proto 'static'
option ipaddr '192.168.1.129'
option netmask '255.255.255.0'
option gateway '192.168.1.1'
option dns '202.101.172.46'
root@OpenWrt:~# cat /etc/config/wireless
config wifi-device radio0
option type mac80211
option channel 11
option hwmode 11ng
option path 'platform/ar933x_wmac'
option htmode HT20
list ht_capab SHORT-GI-20
list ht_capab SHORT-GI-40
list ht_capab RX-STBC1
list ht_capab DSSS_CCK-40
# REMOVE THIS LINE TO ENABLE WIFI:
# option disabled 1
config wifi-iface
option device radio0
option network lan
option mode ap
option ssid OpenWrt
option encryption none
root@OpenWrt:~# cat /etc/config/firewall
config defaults
option syn_flood 1
option input ACCEPT
option output ACCEPT
option forward REJECT
# Uncomment this line to disable ipv6 rules
# option disable_ipv6 1
config zone
option name lan
option network 'lan'
option input ACCEPT
option output ACCEPT
option forward REJECT
config zone
option name wan
option network 'wan'
option input REJECT
option output ACCEPT
option forward REJECT
option masq 1
option mtu_fix 1
config forwarding
option src lan
option dest wan
# We need to accept udp packets on port 68,
# see https://dev.openwrt.org/ticket/4108
config rule
option name Allow-DHCP-Renew
option src wan
option proto udp
option dest_port 68
option target ACCEPT
option family ipv4
# Allow IPv4 ping
config rule
option name Allow-Ping
option src wan
option proto icmp
option icmp_type echo-request
option family ipv4
option target ACCEPT
# Allow DHCPv6 replies
# see https://dev.openwrt.org/ticket/10381
config rule
option name Allow-DHCPv6
option src wan
option proto udp
option src_ip fe80::/10
option src_port 547
option dest_ip fe80::/10
option dest_port 546
option family ipv6
option target ACCEPT
# Allow essential incoming IPv6 ICMP traffic
config rule
option name Allow-ICMPv6-Input
option src wan
option proto icmp
list icmp_type echo-request
list icmp_type echo-reply
list icmp_type destination-unreachable
list icmp_type packet-too-big
list icmp_type time-exceeded
list icmp_type bad-header
list icmp_type unknown-header-type
list icmp_type router-solicitation
list icmp_type neighbour-solicitation
list icmp_type router-advertisement
list icmp_type neighbour-advertisement
option limit 1000/sec
option family ipv6
option target ACCEPT
# Allow essential forwarded IPv6 ICMP traffic
config rule
option name Allow-ICMPv6-Forward
option src wan
option dest *
option proto icmp
list icmp_type echo-request
list icmp_type echo-reply
list icmp_type destination-unreachable
list icmp_type packet-too-big
list icmp_type time-exceeded
list icmp_type bad-header
list icmp_type unknown-header-type
option limit 1000/sec
option family ipv6
option target ACCEPT
# Block ULA-traffic from leaking out
config rule
option name Enforce-ULA-Border-Src
option src *
option dest wan
option proto all
option src_ip fc00::/7
option family ipv6
option target REJECT
config rule
option name Enforce-ULA-Border-Dest
option src *
option dest wan
option proto all
option dest_ip fc00::/7
option family ipv6
option target REJECT
# include a file with users custom iptables rules
config include
option path /etc/firewall.user
### EXAMPLE CONFIG SECTIONS
# do not allow a specific ip to access wan
#config rule
# option src lan
# option src_ip 192.168.45.2
# option dest wan
# option proto tcp
# option target REJECT
# block a specific mac on wan
#config rule
# option dest wan
# option src_mac 00:11:22:33:44:66
# option target REJECT
# block incoming ICMP traffic on a zone
#config rule
# option src lan
# option proto ICMP
# option target DROP
# port redirect port coming in on wan to lan
#config redirect
# option src wan
# option src_dport 80
# option dest lan
# option dest_ip 192.168.16.235
# option dest_port 80
# option proto tcp
# port redirect of remapped ssh port (22001) on wan
#config redirect
# option src wan
# option src_dport 22001
# option dest lan
# option dest_port 22
# option proto tcp
# allow IPsec/ESP and ISAKMP passthrough
#config rule
# option src wan
# option dest lan
# option protocol esp
# option target ACCEPT
#config rule
# option src wan
# option dest lan
# option src_port 500
# option dest_port 500
# option proto udp
# option target ACCEPT
### FULL CONFIG SECTIONS
#config rule
# option src lan
# option src_ip 192.168.45.2
# option src_mac 00:11:22:33:44:55
# option src_port 80
# option dest wan
# option dest_ip 194.25.2.129
# option dest_port 120
# option proto tcp
# option target REJECT
#config redirect
# option src lan
# option src_ip 192.168.45.2
# option src_mac 00:11:22:33:44:55
# option src_port 1024
# option src_dport 80
# option dest_ip 194.25.2.129
# option dest_port 120
# option proto tcp
2、路由模式（Routed AP Mode）：
OpenWrt 设备做路由时，连接到OpenWrt的无线设备是由OpenWrt路由设备本身来分配IP地址的，所以通过无线连接到OpenWrt网段中的所有设备都与原来的192.168.1.0网段的设备不通（OpenWrt设备本身除外）！
OpenWrt设备的路由配置方式：
root@OpenWrt:/# vi /etc/config/network
config interface 'loopback'
option ifname 'lo'
option proto 'static'
option ipaddr '127.0.0.1'
option netmask '255.0.0.0'
config interface 'wan'
option ifname 'eth0'
option proto 'static'
option ipaddr '192.168.1.129'
option netmask '255.255.255.0'
option gateway '192.168.1.1'
option dns '202.101.172.46'
config 'interface' 'wifi'
option 'proto' 'static'
option 'ipaddr' '192.168.2.1'
option 'netmask' '255.255.255.0'
root@OpenWrt:/# vi /etc/config/wireless
config wifi-device radio0
option type mac80211
option channel 11
option hwmode 11ng
option path 'platform/ar933x_wmac'
option htmode HT20
list ht_capab SHORT-GI-20
list ht_capab SHORT-GI-40
list ht_capab RX-STBC1
list ht_capab DSSS_CCK-40
# REMOVE THIS LINE TO ENABLE WIFI:
config wifi-iface
option device radio0
option network wifi
option mode ap
option ssid OpenWrt
option encryption none
root@OpenWrt:/# vi /etc/config/dhcp
config dnsmasq
option domainneeded 1
option boguspriv 1
option filterwin2k 0 # enable for dial on demand
option localise_queries 1
option rebind_protection 1 # disable if upstream must serve RFC1918 addresses
option rebind_localhost 1 # enable for RBL checking and similar services
#list rebind_domain example.lan # whitelist RFC1918 responses for domains
option local '/lan/'
option domain 'lan'
option expandhosts 1
option nonegcache 0
option authoritative 1
option readethers 1
option leasefile '/tmp/dhcp.leases'
option resolvfile '/tmp/resolv.conf.auto'
#list server '/mycompany.local/1.2.3.4'
#option nonwildcard 1
#list interface br-lan
#list notinterface lo
#list bogusnxdomain '64.94.110.11'
config dhcp lan
option interface lan
option start 100
option limit 150
option leasetime 12h
config dhcp wan
option interface wan
option ignore 1
config dhcp wifi
option interface wifi
option start 100
option limit 150
option leasetime 12h
root@OpenWrt:/# vi /etc/config/firewall
config defaults
option syn_flood '1'
option input 'ACCEPT'
option output 'ACCEPT'
option forward 'REJECT'
config zone
option name 'wifi'
option input 'ACCEPT'
option output 'ACCEPT'
option forward 'ACCEPT'
config zone
option name 'lan'
option network 'lan'
option input 'ACCEPT'
option output 'ACCEPT'
option forward 'ACCEPT'
config zone
option name 'wan'
option network 'wan'
option output 'ACCEPT'
option masq '1'
option mtu_fix '1'
option input 'REJECT'
option forward 'REJECT'
config forwarding
option src 'lan'
option dest 'wan'
config forwarding
option src 'wifi'
option dest 'wan'
config forwarding
option src 'lan'
option dest 'wifi'
config forwarding
option src 'wifi'
option dest 'lan'
config rule
option name 'Allow-DHCP-Renew'
option src 'wan'
option proto 'udp'
option dest_port '68'
option target 'ACCEPT'
option family 'ipv4'
config rule
option name 'Allow-Ping'
option src 'wan'
option proto 'icmp'
option icmp_type 'echo-request'
option family 'ipv4'
option target 'ACCEPT'
config rule
option name 'Allow-DHCPv6'
option src 'wan'
option proto 'udp'
option src_ip 'fe80::/10'
option src_port '547'
option dest_ip 'fe80::/10'
option dest_port '546'
option family 'ipv6'
option target 'ACCEPT'
config rule
option name 'Allow-ICMPv6-Input'
option src 'wan'
option proto 'icmp'
list icmp_type 'echo-request'
list icmp_type 'echo-reply'
list icmp_type 'destination-unreachable'
list icmp_type 'packet-too-big'
list icmp_type 'time-exceeded'
list icmp_type 'bad-header'
list icmp_type 'unknown-header-type'
list icmp_type 'router-solicitation'
list icmp_type 'neighbour-solicitation'
list icmp_type 'router-advertisement'
list icmp_type 'neighbour-advertisement'
option limit '1000/sec'
option family 'ipv6'
option target 'ACCEPT'
config rule
option name 'Allow-ICMPv6-Forward'
option src 'wan'
option dest '*'
option proto 'icmp'
list icmp_type 'echo-request'
list icmp_type 'echo-reply'
list icmp_type 'destination-unreachable'
list icmp_type 'packet-too-big'
list icmp_type 'time-exceeded'
list icmp_type 'bad-header'
list icmp_type 'unknown-header-type'
option limit '1000/sec'
option family 'ipv6'
option target 'ACCEPT'
config rule
option name 'Enforce-ULA-Border-Src'
option src '*'
option dest 'wan'
option proto 'all'
option src_ip 'fc00::/7'
option family 'ipv6'
option target 'REJECT'
config rule
option name 'Enforce-ULA-Border-Dest'
option src '*'
option dest 'wan'
option proto 'all'
option dest_ip 'fc00::/7'
option family 'ipv6'
option target 'REJECT'
config include
option path '/etc/firewall.user'
重启相应配置：
root@OpenWrt:/# /etc/init.d/network restart
Configuration file: /var/run/hostapd-phy0.conf
Using interface wlan0 with hwaddr ec:17:2f:9e:12:f2 and ssid "OpenWrt"
root@OpenWrt:/# /etc/init.d/dnsmasq restart
声明：该文观点仅代表作者本人，转载请注明来自看雪